Pendahuluan
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) No. 168/PUU-XXI/2023 menjadi titik balik penting dalam sejarah ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Dalam putusan tersebut, MK menyatakan bahwa Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan tidak lagi memadai dalam menjawab dinamika dan kompleksitas hubungan industrial masa kini. MK memberikan waktu dua tahun kepada pemerintah dan DPR untuk membentuk undang-undang baru yang lebih relevan, inklusif, dan adil bagi seluruh pekerja.
Sejalan dengan momentum ini, pada peringatan Hari Buruh Internasional (1 Mei 2025), Presiden terpilih Prabowo Subianto dalam pidatonya menyatakan komitmennya untuk melindungi dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja, termasuk pekerja di sektor perikanan dan pelaut migran—kelompok yang selama ini sering kali terpinggirkan dari arus utama perlindungan ketenagakerjaan.
Sebagai tindak lanjut, Partai Buruh bersama elemen serikat pekerja dan gerakan rakyat lainnya mendeklarasikan sebuah Koalisi Serikat Pekerja dan Koalisi Kerakyatan pada Hari Kebangkitan Nasional (20 Mei 2025) di Gedung Joang ’45. Koalisi ini dibentuk untuk mengawal proses legislasi UU Ketenagakerjaan baru serta mendorong lahirnya UU Pelindungan Pekerja Perikanan yang dijanjikan Presiden Prabowo.
SAKTI (Serikat Awak Kapal Transport Indonesia) menyatakan dukungan penuh dan keterlibatan aktif dalam koalisi ini.
Krisis Perlindungan Pekerja Perikanan
Pekerja perikanan—baik di kapal berbendera Indonesia maupun kapal asing—selama ini menjadi korban dari jurang regulasi yang dalam. Indonesia telah meratifikasi instrumen internasional MLC 2006 untuk awak kapal niaga, tapi belum meratifikasi ILO C 188 tentang Pekerjaan dalam Penangkapan Ikan serta belum ada undang-undang khusus yang melindungi pekerja perikanan secara komprehensif.
Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pekerja perikanan antara lain:
- Eksploitasi jam kerja tanpa batas, tanpa kompensasi yang memadai.
- Tidak adanya jaminan sosial dan perlindungan kesehatan, termasuk dalam kasus kecelakaan kerja dan kematian.
- Penempatan tidak sah oleh P3MI/manning agency ilegal, yang mengakibatkan kerentanan terhadap perdagangan manusia.
- Tidak adanya standar upah minimum dan CBA (Perjanjian Kerja Bersama) untuk sektor perikanan domestik.
SAKTI mencatat, dalam lima tahun terakhir, puluhan kasus kekerasan, gaji tidak dibayar, bahkan kematian awak kapal perikanan Indonesia terjadi di kapal-kapal asing tanpa adanya pertanggungjawaban yang jelas dari perusahaan maupun negara.
Urgensi Pembentukan UU Baru
Putusan MK No. 168/PUU-XXI/2023 dan pidato Presiden Prabowo adalah sinyal yang tidak boleh diabaikan. Dalam dua tahun ke depan, Indonesia harus memiliki:
- Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan yang baru, yang memperhatikan hak-hak buruh informal, pekerja digital, pekerja rumahan, hingga pelaut dan nelayan.
- Undang-Undang Khusus tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Perikanan, yang mengadopsi sepenuhnya norma-norma ILO C188 dan memperkuat koordinasi antara Kemenaker, KKP, dan KP2MI.
- Lembaga Tripartit Maritim, sebagaimana telah diusulkan SAKTI dalam revisi UU No. 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran, untuk menetapkan standar upah, asuransi, CBA, dan penyelesaian sengketa awak kapal.
Peran Koalisi Buruh dan Kerakyatan
Deklarasi Koalisi pada 20 Mei 2025 di Gedung Joang 45 bukan sekadar seremoni simbolik. Ini adalah langkah strategis untuk:
- Mengonsolidasikan kekuatan serikat pekerja lintas sektor (industri, transportasi, pertanian, maritim).
- Mengawal proses legislasi secara kritis dan partisipatif, termasuk mendorong draf RUU Ketenagakerjaan Alternatif yang berpihak pada buruh.
- Membangun sinergi dengan DPR, Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan, KKP, dan KP2MI untuk merancang kerangka hukum pelindungan pekerja perikanan.
- Menjadi kekuatan tekanan publik (pressure group) untuk menghindari dominasi kepentingan pengusaha dan investor dalam perumusan UU.
Penutup: Jalan Panjang Masih Terbentang
Komitmen Presiden Prabowo dalam pidato 1 Mei harus diterjemahkan ke dalam kebijakan nyata, bukan sekadar janji politik. Koalisi Buruh dan Kerakyatan yang baru terbentuk harus memainkan peran kunci dalam mengawal dua agenda besar ini: Reformasi total UU Ketenagakerjaan dan lahirnya UU Pelindungan Pekerja Perikanan.
SAKTI akan terus berdiri di garis depan, memperjuangkan hak-hak pekerja sektor maritim, khususnya pelaut dan awak kapal perikanan yang selama ini menjadi “bayangan” dari sistem ketenagakerjaan nasional. Kebangkitan buruh bukan sekadar mengenang masa lalu, tapi menjemput masa depan yang adil dan beradab.
SAKTI – Serikat Awak Kapal Transportasi Indonesia
Bersama Buruh Maritim, Mengawal Keadilan Sosial dari Laut Hingga Darat.
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