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Polemik Penyijilan Buku Pelaut untuk ABK Kapal Asing: Penting, Tapi Bukan Kewajiban.

06/07/2025
Syofyan El Comandante

Saat ini, banyak awak kapal Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal asing menghadapi kebingungan dan ketidakpastian hukum terkait penyijilan (pengesahan) Buku Pelaut dan Perjanjian Kerja Laut (PKL) oleh Syahbandar atau Pejabat Perhubungan Laut.

Apakah mereka wajib melakukan penyijilan di Indonesia? Apakah penyijilan ini sah secara hukum, atau hanya menjadi beban administratif belaka?

Hukum yang Berlaku: UU Pelayaran Tidak Berlaku untuk ABK di Kapal Asing

Berdasarkan UU No. 17 Tahun 2008 jo. UU No. 66 Tahun 2024 tentang Pelayaran, ruang lingkup pengaturan hanya berlaku untuk:
✅Kapal berbendera Indonesia yang berlayar di mana pun,
✅ Kapal asing yang masuk dan berlayar di wilayah perairan Indonesia.

Awak kapal Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal asing yang tidak memasuki perairan Indonesia tidak tunduk pada UU Pelayaran Indonesia, melainkan tunduk pada ketentuan negara bendera (flag state) kapal tempat mereka bekerja dan hukum negara tempat perusahan yang merekrut  mereka .

Dengan demikian, penyijilan Perjanjian Kerja Laut oleh Syahbandar bukanlah kewajiban hukum bagi awak kapal Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal asing yang tidak memasuki perairan Indonesia.

Kapal Asing = Flag State Rule

Dalam prinsip hukum laut internasional, kapal berbendera asing tunduk pada hukum negara benderanya (flag state). Ketentuan ketenagakerjaan awak kapal di kapal asing mengacu pada standar Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC 2006), kontrak kerja laut, dan ketentuan negara bendera kapal tersebut.

Syahbandar Indonesia tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk memeriksa atau memaksakan penyijilan kepada awak kapal Indonesia yang bekerja pada kapal asing di luar yurisdiksi perairan Indonesia.

Penyijilan Tetap Penting bagi Awak Kapal: Untuk Kepentingan Pribadi

Walaupun penyijilan bukan kewajiban hukum, penyijilan PKL dan Buku Pelaut tetap penting dilakukan oleh awak kapal Indonesia demi kepentingan pribadi mereka sebagai rekam masa layar (sea service record).

Kenapa penting?

✅ Syarat Pengurusan Diklat dan COC (Certificate of Competency): Masa layar yang diakui Syahbandar sering menjadi syarat administratif saat pelaut akan meningkatkan ijazah pelautnya.
✅ Rekam Karir Profesional: Membantu awak kapal membuktikan pengalaman mereka ketika berpindah ke perusahaan lain .
✅ Penguatan Posisi dalam Sengketa: Penyijilan PKL dapat menjadi bukti hubungan kerja saat terjadi sengketa upah atau repatriasi.

Oleh karena itu, pelaut Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal asing disarankan tetap melakukan penyijilan PKL dan masa layar di Syahbandar secara sukarela sebagai dokumentasi pribadi, bukan sebagai kewajiban hukum.

Pemerintah Harus Memberikan Kepastian Hukum

Hingga kini, belum ada regulasi yang jelas terkait mekanisme penyijilan Buku Pelaut dan PKL bagi awak kapal Indonesia di kapal asing yang bekerja di luar wilayah Indonesia.

Serikat Pekerja Pelaut SAKTI merekomendasikan:

1️⃣          Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Perhubungan segera menerbitkan surat edaran yang menegaskan bahwa penyijilan PKL bagi awak kapal Indonesia di kapal asing bersifat opsional dan bukan kewajiban hukum.

2️⃣          Kementerian Perhubungan bersama Kementerian Pelindungan pekerja Migran Indonesia ( KP2MI ) harus menyusun pedoman pengakuan masa layar awak kapal Indonesia di kapal asing untuk memudahkan proses kenaikan COC.

3️⃣          Menjadikan MLC 2006 sebagai landasan dalam memberikan perlindungan pelaut Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal asing, termasuk memastikan kontrak kerja mereka memenuhi standar internasional.

Penutup

Pelaut Indonesia adalah pekerja migran yang membawa devisa besar bagi negara. Perlindungan mereka tidak boleh diserahkan kepada praktik administrasi yang keliru.

Penyijilan PKL bagi pelaut Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal asing bukanlah kewajiban hukum, tetapi merupakan hak dan kepentingan pribadi pelaut untuk masa depannya. Negara harus hadir dengan memberikan kepastian hukum dan fasilitas administrasi yang mendukung kemajuan karir pelaut Indonesia di industri pelayaran internasional.

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