Industri maritim merupakan salah satu sektor yang vital dalam perekonomian global, dengan ABK dan AKP sebagai dua kelompok utama yang memainkan peran penting dalam operasi kapal. Namun, ketika datang ke hak, kesejahteraan, dan perlindungan, ada ketidaksetaraan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok ini.
Perbedaan dalam Regulasi dan Perlindungan
Di dalam dunia maritim, ABK, yang bekerja di kapal niaga, dan AKP, yang bekerja di kapal penangkap ikan, adalah dua entitas yang diatur oleh peraturan yang berbeda. ABK tunduk pada Konvensi Internasional tentang Standar Pelatihan, Sertifikasi, dan Tugas Wajib Awak Kapal (STCW) 1978, amendemen 2010. Konvensi ini menetapkan standar kompetensi dan pelatihan untuk pelaut serta menetapkan tanggung jawab negara-negara untuk memastikan bahwa ABK memenuhi standar tersebut.
Di sisi lain, AKP diatur oleh STCW-F 1995, yang menetapkan standar yang berbeda untuk mereka. Perbedaan dalam regulasi ini menciptakan kesenjangan yang signifikan dalam perlindungan dan hak antara ABK dan AKP
Perlindungan Hak dan Kesejahteraan
Sementara ABK memiliki Konvensi Buruh Maritim Internasional (MLC) 2006 yang menyediakan kerangka kerja untuk hak, kesejahteraan, dan perlindungan mereka, AKP tidak memiliki perlindungan serupa. MLC 2006 menetapkan standar minimum untuk pekerjaan di kapal, termasuk hak atas kondisi kerja yang layak, jam kerja yang wajar, serta hak atas asuransi kesehatan dan keselamatan.
Namun, AKP tidak tercakup dalam MLC 2006. Sebagai gantinya, mereka bergantung pada Konvensi Buruh Internasional (ILO) C-188, yang belum diratafikasi oleh Indonesia. Karena itu, AKP sering kali tidak memiliki perlindungan yang memadai terhadap kondisi kerja yang buruk, jam kerja yang berlebihan, serta risiko kecelakaan dan cedera di laut.
Implikasi Diskriminasi Terhadap AKP
Ketidaksetaraan dalam perlindungan ini memiliki implikasi serius terhadap kesejahteraan dan keamanan AKP. Mereka rentan terhadap eksploitasi oleh majikan, terutama di wilayah-wilayah di mana regulasi kerja lemah atau tidak ada sama sekali. Selain itu, karena kurangnya perlindungan yang jelas, AKP sering kali tidak memiliki akses yang memadai terhadap layanan kesehatan dan keselamatan.
Selain itu, diskriminasi dalam perlindungan tenaga kerja maritim juga dapat menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan di sektor perikanan. AKP yang tidak dilindungi cenderung menghadapi kesulitan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka dan meningkatkan produktivitas di sektor perikanan.
Kesimpulan
Diskriminasi terhadap AKP dalam perlindungan tenaga kerja maritim adalah masalah yang perlu segera diatasi. Indonesia, sebagai negara maritim dengan sejarah panjang dalam industri perikanan, memiliki tanggung jawab untuk memastikan bahwa AKP mendapatkan perlindungan yang setara dengan pelaut lainnya.
Langkah-langkah konkret harus diambil untuk mengatasi kesenjangan dalam regulasi dan perlindungan antara ABK dan AKP. Ini termasuk ratifikasi ILO C-188 oleh pemerintah Indonesia dan peningkatan kesadaran akan hak-hak AKP di kalangan masyarakat serta industri maritim secara keseluruhan.
Dengan mengambil tindakan yang tepat, kita dapat memastikan bahwa semua pekerja maritim, termasuk AKP, mendapatkan perlindungan dan perlakuan yang setara sesuai dengan martabat manusia dan standar internasional yang berlaku.Hal ini akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesejahteraan pekerja, pertumbuhan ekonomi sektor perikanan, dan pembangunan berkelanjutan yang inklusif di Indonesia.
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