Urgensi E-PMI sebagai Instrumen Pelindungan Awak Kapal Indonesia

Selama ini, penyijilan buku pelaut sering dianggap sebagai instrumen utama pelindungan dan pengakuan bagi awak kapal Indonesia. Buku pelaut memang berfungsi sebagai catatan resmi pengalaman kerja, sekaligus bukti legalitas seorang pelaut dalam meniti karier di laut. Namun, menjadikan penyijilan sebagai dasar utama pelindungan jelas tidak tepat.

Mengapa demikian? Karena sistem penyijilan hanya bisa diakses melalui perusahaan-perusahaan pemegang SIUKAK (Surat Izin Usaha Keagenan Awak Kapal). Artinya, awak kapal yang berangkat secara mandiri—langsung bekerja kepada pemilik kapal atau perusahaan di luar negeri—tidak memiliki akses untuk disijilkan secara online. Dengan kata lain, ribuan awak kapal mandiri secara sistematis tersingkir dari skema pelindungan formal negara hanya karena terbentur aturan administratif.

Kondisi ini memperlihatkan ketidakadilan struktural dalam sistem pelindungan pekerja migran sektor kelautan. Padahal, awak kapal—baik yang berangkat lewat agen resmi maupun mandiri—sama-sama menyumbangkan devisa negara, menghadapi risiko kerja tinggi, dan membutuhkan akses pelindungan yang cepat dan memadai.


E-PMI: Jawaban atas Kekosongan Identitas Pelindungan

Dalam konteks inilah, kehadiran E-PMI (Elektronik Pekerja Migran Indonesia) yang digagas oleh BP2MI/KP2MI menjadi sangat strategis. E-PMI merupakan inovasi identitas digital yang dirancang untuk melengkapi kelemahan mekanisme pelindungan pekerja migran selama ini.

Selama ini, identitas formal pekerja migran di luar negeri hanya melekat pada paspor. Namun faktanya, banyak pekerja tidak bisa menguasai paspornya sendiri karena ditahan oleh agen atau pemberi kerja, dengan berbagai alasan—mulai dari administrasi hingga kontrol terhadap pekerja. Kondisi ini membuat pekerja, termasuk awak kapal, berada dalam posisi rawan. Mereka kesulitan ketika membutuhkan layanan darurat, pelaporan masalah, atau sekadar membuktikan status hukum mereka sebagai pekerja migran asal Indonesia.

Dengan adanya E-PMI, identitas pekerja migran bisa dimiliki secara independen dan fleksibel. Dokumen ini tidak hanya memuat biodata dasar (nama lengkap, tempat tanggal lahir, daerah asal, dan tujuan bekerja), tetapi juga informasi penting seperti status kepesertaan BPJS, asuransi, serta data kontrak kerja.


E-PMI dan Peran Perwakilan RI di Luar Negeri

Lebih jauh, keunggulan utama E-PMI terletak pada aksesibilitasnya oleh perwakilan pemerintah Indonesia di luar negeri—seperti KBRI, KJRI, maupun KDEI. Artinya, ketika seorang awak kapal menghadapi masalah di negara penempatan, perwakilan RI tidak perlu menunggu dokumen fisik atau konfirmasi birokrasi panjang. Data pekerja dapat langsung diverifikasi melalui sistem E-PMI.

Hal ini akan menjadi lompatan besar dalam pelindungan pekerja migran. Proses bantuan hukum, diplomasi kasus, hingga evakuasi darurat dapat dilakukan dengan lebih cepat, karena perwakilan negara memiliki basis data real-time yang dapat dipercaya.

Dengan kata lain, E-PMI bukan sekadar kartu identitas digital, melainkan instrumen pelindungan yang proaktif. Ia mampu menjembatani kesenjangan yang selama ini terjadi akibat sistem penyijilan yang diskriminatif dan terbatas hanya pada jalur perusahaan resmi.


Mengakhiri Diskriminasi Jalur Keberangkatan

Satu hal penting yang perlu ditekankan adalah: pelindungan negara tidak boleh diskriminatif hanya karena perbedaan jalur keberangkatan. Baik awak kapal yang ditempatkan melalui manning agency resmi maupun yang berangkat secara mandiri, sama-sama berstatus sebagai pekerja migran Indonesia yang berhak atas pelindungan penuh dari negara.

Selama ini, awak kapal mandiri kerap dipandang sebelah mata, seolah-olah keberangkatan mereka “Uprosedural” hanya karena tidak melalui mekanisme SIUKAK. Padahal, banyak dari mereka berangkat dengan kontrak kerja sah dan langsung berhubungan dengan pemilik kapal asing. Mereka justru sering terjebak pada kerentanan ganda: tidak tercatat di sistem negara, sekaligus minim akses pada instrumen pelindungan formal.

E-PMI berpotensi memutus diskriminasi tersebut. Dengan mekanisme identitas digital yang universal, setiap PMI—termasuk awak kapal—dapat memperoleh status resmi di mata negara, tanpa bergantung pada jalur keberangkatan yang ditempuh.


Harapan ke Depan

Harapan kita bersama, E-PMI tidak berhenti sebagai sekadar inovasi administratif, melainkan benar-benar diintegrasikan dengan sistem pelindungan PMI secara menyeluruh. Beberapa langkah yang perlu segera dilakukan pemerintah adalah:

  1. Integrasi sistem E-PMI dengan Kementerian Perhubungan, Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan, Kementerian KKP, dan lembaga terkait lainnya.
  2. Penyempurnaan regulasi, agar E-PMI memiliki kedudukan hukum yang kuat sebagai dokumen resmi pelindungan pekerja migran.
  3. Akses langsung bagi awak kapal mandiri, sehingga mereka bisa mendaftarkan diri tanpa harus melalui perusahaan pemegang SIP3MI.
  4. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan di luar negeri, dengan memastikan KBRI/KJRI/KDEI dapat menggunakan E-PMI sebagai basis data dalam memberi pelindungan.
  5. Sosialisasi masif kepada serikat pekerja, organisasi pelaut, dan komunitas migran, agar seluruh PMI memahami manfaat dan mekanisme penggunaan E-PMI.

Penutup

Sudah saatnya negara menegaskan bahwa pelindungan tidak boleh eksklusif. Awak kapal Indonesia—baik niaga maupun perikanan—telah lama menjadi tulang punggung devisa dan kebanggaan bangsa. Mereka bekerja di lautan lepas, jauh dari tanah air, dengan risiko keselamatan tinggi.

E-PMI hadir sebagai identitas digital yang inklusif, yang bisa memastikan setiap tetes keringat mereka diakui, setiap jerit masalah mereka didengar, dan setiap hak mereka dilindungi. Dengan E-PMI, kita bisa mengakhiri diskriminasi jalur keberangkatan, sekaligus mempercepat respon negara dalam melindungi warganya di luar negeri.

Karena itu, percepatan implementasi E-PMI adalah kebutuhan mendesak. Bukan hanya untuk administrasi, tetapi sebagai bentuk nyata kehadiran negara bagi awak kapal Indonesia—dimanapun mereka berada.


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