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Menanti Ketegasan Negara: Ratifikasi ILO C188 untuk Perlindungan Awak Kapal Perikanan

16/04/2025
Syofyan El Comandante

Indonesia adalah negara maritim dengan garis pantai terpanjang kedua di dunia dan memiliki ribuan kapal perikanan yang mengarungi laut dalam dan perairan internasional. Namun ironisnya, hingga hari ini, para awak kapal perikanan Indonesia masih bekerja dalam kondisi yang belum sepenuhnya terlindungi secara hukum—berbeda dengan rekan-rekan mereka di sektor niaga yang sudah memiliki pijakan kuat melalui ratifikasi Konvensi Ketenagakerjaan Maritim (MLC 2006) pada tahun 2016.

Sudah waktunya pemerintah Indonesia mengambil langkah serius dengan meratifikasi Konvensi ILO No. 188 tentang Pekerjaan dalam Penangkapan Ikan (ILO C188). Konvensi ini dirancang sebagai jawaban atas maraknya praktik kerja paksa, eksploitasi, dan perdagangan manusia di sektor perikanan global. Dalam upaya mempercepat proses ratifikasi tersebut, Tim 9 dan Jejaring serikat pekerja sektor maritim Indonesia —melakukan serangkaian advokasi dan audiensi, termasuk yang terbaru bersama Presiden KSPSI Bapak Jumhur Hidayat di bilangan Fatmawati, Jakarta Selatan.

Pertemuan ini bukan sekadar ajakan simbolik, melainkan pemaparan mendalam atas fakta di lapangan:

  • Awak kapal perikanan bekerja tanpa kontrak kerja yang adil dan transparan.
  • Mereka tidak memiliki sistem pengupahan dan jaminan sosial yang layak.
  • Tidak ada mekanisme penyelesaian hubungan industrial yang memadai.
  • Penempatan awak kapal perikanan ke luar negeri sering kali terjadi tanpa pengawasan ketat.
  • Banyak yang menjadi korban kerja paksa dan bahkan perbudakan modern.

Dengan ratifikasi ILO C188, Indonesia akan:

  1. Menyetarakan perlindungan antara awak kapal niaga dan perikanan.
  2. Membangun sistem tata kelola perekrutan dan penempatan awak kapal perikanan secara akuntabel dan terstandardisasi.
  3. Menjamin pengupahan minimum, akses terhadap jaminan sosial, dan hak cuti.
  4. Membentuk mekanisme tripartit maritim untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan industrial sektor perikanan.
  5. Meningkatkan citra internasional Indonesia sebagai negara yang serius memerangi kerja paksa di sektor kelautan.
  6. Membuka lebih luas pasar ekspor perikanan ke negara-negara yang telah mensyaratkan standar kerja yang layak.

Dukungan Presiden KSPSI dalam pertemuan tersebut menjadi sinyal kuat bahwa gerakan buruh Indonesia menyadari pentingnya instrumen hukum ini. Bahkan beliau menyatakan akan menyuarakan ratifikasi ILO C188 menjelang Hari Buruh Internasional (May Day) sebagai bagian dari agenda perjuangan buruh Indonesia.

Kini bola berada di tangan negara. Indonesia tidak bisa lagi berdalih. Ratifikasi ILO C188 bukan hanya tentang menaati norma internasional, tapi tentang menebus hutang perlindungan terhadap pekerja maritim sektor perikanan—mereka yang selama ini berjasa namun terabaikan.

May Day harus menjadi momentum untuk mengembalikan marwah negara maritim dengan menempatkan perlindungan awak kapal perikanan sebagai prioritas nasional. Jangan biarkan mereka terus berlayar tanpa perlindungan.

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