Refleksi Akhir Tahun SAKTI
Hampir satu tahun setengah sejak Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut menerbitkan Surat Edaran No. SE-DJPL 20 Tahun 2024 tentang Pemeriksaan dan Pengawasan Perjanjian Kerja Laut (PKL) terhadap Gaji Pokok Awak Kapal, situasi kesejahteraan awak kapal Indonesia nyaris tidak bergerak. Tidak ada peninjauan ulang, tidak ada evaluasi kebijakan, dan yang lebih ironis: praktik pengupahan di bawah Upah Minimum Provinsi (UMP) masih terus berlangsung di banyak kapal berbendera Indonesia.
Kondisi ini kontras dengan apa yang dialami buruh darat. Setiap tahun, negara memiliki mekanisme resmi untuk meninjau dan menyesuaikan upah minimum melalui Dewan Pengupahan. Ada evaluasi ekonomi, inflasi, dan kebutuhan hidup layak. Sementara itu, awak kapal—yang bekerja dengan risiko tinggi, jam kerja panjang, dan tanggung jawab keselamatan—dibiarkan tanpa mekanisme peninjauan upah yang jelas dan berkelanjutan.
Surat Edaran Tanpa Taji
SE-DJPL 20 Tahun 2024 seharusnya menjadi instrumen awal untuk memastikan upah awak kapal tidak berada di bawah standar minimum. Namun dalam praktiknya, surat edaran ini kehilangan daya paksa. Pengawasan masih bersifat pasif, menunggu laporan dari awak kapal, padahal relasi kuasa antara pelaut dan pengusaha membuat pelaporan nyaris mustahil. Melapor berarti berisiko kehilangan pekerjaan, di-blacklist, atau tidak diperpanjang kontraknya.
Lebih dari itu, sampai hari ini tidak pernah ada pengumuman resmi mengenai evaluasi efektivitas SE tersebut. Tidak ada laporan publik berapa kapal yang diperiksa, berapa PKL yang ditunda, atau berapa perusahaan yang dipaksa menyesuaikan upah. Negara seolah berhenti pada penerbitan kebijakan, tanpa keberanian untuk menegakkannya.
Upah Awak Kapal Tidak Logis Jika Diserahkan ke Daerah
SAKTI memandang bahwa akar masalahnya adalah pendekatan keliru dalam penetapan upah awak kapal yang masih disandarkan pada logika UMR/UMP daerah. Pendekatan ini tidak relevan dan tidak adil.
Awak kapal bekerja lintas wilayah, lintas provinsi, bahkan lintas negara. Sertifikat kompetensi yang mereka gunakan berlaku secara internasional. Regulasi yang mengatur mereka—UU Pelayaran, MLC 2006, dan standar STCW—berlaku secara nasional dan global, bukan lokal. Maka tidak masuk akal jika upah mereka ditentukan berdasarkan standar ekonomi daerah tempat kapal sandar atau tempat perusahaan berdomisili.
Akibatnya, muncul ketimpangan ekstrem: awak kapal dengan jabatan dan kompetensi yang sama bisa menerima upah berbeda hanya karena basis UMR daerah. Ini bukan hanya diskriminatif, tetapi juga bertentangan dengan prinsip keadilan kerja dan standar ketenagakerjaan internasional.
Tuntutan SAKTI: Upah Minimum Awak Kapal Nasional
Sebagai refleksi akhir tahun, SAKTI menyatakan sikap tegas:
- Upah minimum awak kapal harus ditetapkan secara nasional dan berlaku nasional, terlepas dari daerah asal perusahaan atau wilayah operasional kapal.
- Mekanisme peninjauan upah awak kapal harus dilakukan secara berkala, sebagaimana buruh darat, dengan melibatkan serikat pekerja dalam forum tripartit.
- Syahbandar dan marine inspector wajib menjadikan kesejahteraan awak kapal sebagai komponen utama kelaiklautan kapal, termasuk berani menunda Surat Persetujuan Berlayar jika PKL memuat upah di bawah standar.
- Negara harus berhenti menunggu laporan dari awak kapal, dan mulai menjalankan pengawasan aktif berbasis inspeksi dokumen dan lapangan.
Penutup
Awak kapal bukan pekerja kelas dua. Mereka adalah tulang punggung transportasi laut, logistik nasional, dan perdagangan internasional Indonesia. Jika negara terus membiarkan upah mereka ditentukan secara tambal sulam dan tanpa evaluasi, maka yang runtuh bukan hanya kesejahteraan pelaut, tetapi juga wibawa negara sebagai negara maritim.
Refleksi akhir tahun ini menjadi pengingat: kebijakan tanpa pengawasan adalah pembiaran, dan pembiaran terhadap upah murah adalah bentuk ketidakadilan yang dilegalkan.
SAKTI akan terus menuntut: upah minimum awak kapal nasional, adil, dan bermartabat.
Hidup di laut memang penuh dengan tantangan dan risiko, seperti cuaca ekstrem, isolasi, dan tuntutan fisik yang tinggi. Pandangan bahwa pelaut tidak sepantasnya digaji di bawah standar adalah pandangan yang umum dan didukung oleh banyak organisasi global.
Terkait standar gaji, Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional (ILO) menetapkan standar upah minimum untuk pelaut melalui Konvensi Perburuhan Maritim (MLC) 2006 [1]. Konvensi ini sering disebut sebagai “Bill of Rights” untuk pelaut, yang menetapkan persyaratan minimum untuk kondisi kerja, termasuk gaji, jam kerja, akomodasi, fasilitas rekreasi, perawatan medis, dan perlindungan jaring pengaman sosial [1].
Setiap perusahaan pelayaran yang beroperasi secara di laut Indonesia atau dalam negeri diharapkan mematuhi standar ini. Jika Anda atau seseorang yang Anda kenal bekerja sebagai pelaut dan merasa gajinya di bawah standar atau kondisi kerjanya tidak adil.
Memastikan kondisi kerja yang adil dan gaji yang layak bagi pelaut adalah hal penting, tidak hanya untuk kesejahteraan mereka, tetapi juga untuk keselamatan dan efisiensi industri maritim secara keseluruhan. Thanks
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