Di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Prabowo Subianto, komitmen pemerintah Indonesia terhadap perlindungan pekerja migran menunjukkan kemajuan signifikan dengan dibentuknya Kementerian Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (KPPMI). Langkah ini merupakan wujud nyata perhatian negara terhadap jutaan pekerja migran Indonesia, termasuk awak kapal, yang selama ini sering kali menghadapi risiko tinggi tanpa perlindungan hukum yang memadai.
Pasal 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia secara eksplisit mengakui awak kapal sebagai bagian dari pekerja migran Indonesia. Hal ini diperkuat melalui putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, yang memberikan landasan hukum bahwa perlindungan awak kapal migran harus menjadi prioritas dalam kebijakan nasional.
Awak Kapal dalam Konteks Pelindungan
Dalam pelaksanaannya, pelindungan awak kapal niaga memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Sebagai bagian dari pekerja migran, perlindungan mereka tidak dapat dilepaskan dari Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006, yang telah diratifikasi Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2016. MLC 2006 memberikan standar global dalam perlindungan tenaga kerja maritim, mencakup aspek ketenagakerjaan, kesehatan, keselamatan, dan kesejahteraan.
Namun, implementasi MLC 2006 di Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala, terutama dalam memastikan harmonisasi peraturan nasional dengan konvensi tersebut. Dalam revisi Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 maupun Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Penempatan dan Pelindungan Awak Kapal dan Nelayan Migran, sangat penting untuk memasukkan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2016 sebagai konsideran. Langkah ini akan memberikan landasan hukum yang lebih kokoh dan mengikat bagi pelindungan awak kapal migran.
Peran Strategis KPPMI dan Kementerian Perhubungan
KPPMI memiliki peran strategis dalam mengoordinasikan kebijakan pelindungan pekerja migran, termasuk awak kapal. Namun, mengingat sifat teknis dari pekerjaan di sektor maritim, diperlukan sinergi yang erat dengan Kementerian Perhubungan. Beberapa aspek penting yang harus diperjelas dalam kolaborasi ini meliputi:
- Sijil Buku Pelaut: Sebagai dokumen identitas pelaut, penerbitan dan pengawasan buku pelaut harus menjadi perhatian utama untuk mencegah pemalsuan dan memastikan pelaut memiliki kualifikasi yang sesuai.Penyijilan buka pelaut sangat penting terkait dengan ‘Masa layar “ awak kapal dalam hal peningkatan pendidikan
- Pengesahan Perjanjian Kerja Laut (PKL): Pengesahan PKL harus dilakukan sesuai standar MLC 2006, yang menjamin hak-hak awak kapal atas upah, waktu istirahat, dan perlindungan hukum, Diperlukan peran kementrian ketenagakerjaan yang lebih memahami norma norma ketenagakerjaan.
- Kesepakatan Kerja Bersama (CBA): Pengesahan CBA oleh Kementerian yang berkompeten menjadi elemen kunci dalam memastikan hubungan industrial yang harmonis antara awak kapal dan perusahaan pelayaran.
Penyelesaian Hubungan Industrial
Tantangan lain yang harus diatasi adalah mekanisme penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial bagi awak kapal. Saat ini, belum ada kejelasan mengenai peran masing-masing kementerian dalam proses ini. KPPMI, Kementerian Perhubungan, dan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan perlu menyusun mekanisme terpadu yang mencakup:
- Mediasi di Tingkat Kementerian: Menyediakan jalur mediasi yang cepat dan efisien untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan kerja laut.
- Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial: Menegaskan bahwa perselisihan yang tidak dapat diselesaikan melalui mediasi dapat diajukan ke Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan.
Harapan ke Depan
Pembentukan KPPMI merupakan langkah awal yang baik, namun implementasinya membutuhkan kerjasama lintas sektor. Pemerintah harus mempertegas peran masing-masing kementerian, memastikan harmonisasi regulasi, dan meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap pelindungan awak kapal migran.
SAKTI, sebagai organisasi pekerja, menyambut baik inisiatif ini dan siap berkontribusi melalui edukasi, advokasi, dan pendampingan hukum bagi awak kapal. Dengan adanya kolaborasi antara pemerintah, serikat pekerja, dan masyarakat, diharapkan pelindungan awak kapal migran Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan, sehingga mereka dapat bekerja dengan aman, sejahtera, dan bermartabat.
“Awak kapal migran adalah pahlawan devisa negara. Sudah saatnya kita memberikan mereka pelindungan yang layak dan sesuai standar internasional,”
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